EVOLUZIONE DEL SERVIZIO DI TUTELA DEI MONUMENTI IN ITALIA. VERSO IL MODELLO POMPEI. PRINCIPI DI ORGANIZZAZIONE PER LA CONSERVAZIONE DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE

The cultural, social and administrative conditions that have accompanied the concept of «cultural heritage» over time are analyzed. I’m going to investigate the conditions that gave rise to the birth of the protection service in Italy, which later became a model for Europe. The origins can be traced back to the ancient Romans who, first, dictated provisions for the protection and intangibility of monuments. In the contemporary age, however, the first protection bodies come to life in the states that existed before the United Italy. In particular, reference will be made, in the Pontifical State, to the birth of the Consultative Commissions of Fine Arts, then translated into more complex and articulated structures in the current Italian State, with the establishment of the Superintendence for the Excavations of Antiquity for Rome and the provinces Roman. In the field of cultural heritage legislation, the Pontifical State of the nineteenth century occupies a prominent place compared to other states.